»ï²Ã¥Üĵ¡A´¦µo¦H¦æ¢Î¤å¡R½²¤l±j
06 - 13 05:00
©ú³ø
¡i©ú³ø±M°T¡j^°ê¸g¨å¬Fªv¤p»¡¡mYes, Minister¡n¤@®Ñ¤¤¡A¦³¦p¦¹¤@¥y¦W¨¥¡G
Official Secrets Act is not to protect secrets but to protect officials.
¡m©x¤è¾÷±Kªk¡n¤£¬O¥Î¨Ó«OÅ@¾÷±K¡A¥¦¥u¬O¥Î¨Ó«OÅ@©x¤è¡C
¤£¿ù¡A©Ò¿×«OÅ@°ê®a¾÷±K©M°ê®a¦w¥þ¡A©¹©¹¥u¬O¬FÅvªº¾BÁ६¦Ó¤w¡C
ªñ¤é¦]¬°¤jÃz¬ü°ê¬F©²¼sªxºÊ±±°ê¥Á³q°T¶Â¹õªº«e¤¤¥¡±¡³ø§½¤Hû¡B°ê¨¾©Ó¥]°Ó¹µûEdward Snowden¡A¦]¬°¿ï¾Ü»´ä³oÓ¥L¤f¤¤»{¬°©|ºâ¦³¨¥½×¦Û¥Ñªº¦a¤è§@¬°¨äÃz®Æ°ò¦a¡A¨Ã¥B¥¿Âè©ó¦¹¡A¤£³æÅý»´äµn¤WÀô²y´CÅ骺ª©±¡A¥çÅý³oºØ¹µûªn±K¦æ¬°¬O§_¥¿·í¡A¦b¥»¦a¤Þµo¤@¨Çij½×¡A¦³¤Hµø¥L¬°^¶¯¡A¥ç¦³¤Hµø¥L¬°«q®{¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O½æ°ê¸é¡C
¤½²³§Q¯q»P¡uwhistle blowing¡v
³oºØ¬°¤F¤½²³§Q¯q¡A¹µû¦]¦Ó¤£±¤¹H¤Ï¾÷ºc¡B²Õ´³W©w¦Óªn±Kªº¦æ¬°¡A^¤åºÙ¤§¬°¡uwhistle blowing¡v¡A¦³¤HĶ§@¡u»ï²Ã¥Üĵ¡v¡A§ó¶Ç¯«ªº¥iĶ§@¡uªn±K´¦µo¦H¦æ¡v¡A»´ä¤H«hºD¤§ºÙ¬°¡uÃz®Æ¡v¡C¥¦·½©ó^¦¡ªÀ·|¡A¤H̨£¨ì¸o®×µo¥Í¡A«K·|»ïĵ²Ã¥Üĵ¡A¥Øªº¬Oĵ¥Ü°õªkªÌ¤Î¤½²³¡A¥Ç¸o¦æ¬°²{¥¿¥X²{¡A¹ïªÀ·|ºc¦¨¦M®`¡C
¦ý¦b¤µ¤Ñ¡Awhistle blowing¦b¬Fªv¾Ç¤W«h¤w³q±`¦¬¯¶¡A«üªº¬Oû¤u¹ï¾÷ºc¤ºµo¥Íªº¤£¹D¼w¡BÀÝÅv¡BÂp¾¡A¥H¦Ü¹Hªk¦æ¬°¬Ý¤£¹L²´¡A¬°¤FÅý¤½¸q©M¤½²³§Q¯q±o¨ì¦ù±i¡A¤£±¤¬»Ä²¤º³¡¬ö«ß©M«O±Kì«h¡A¦V¥~¶¡¡]¦p¶Ç´C¡BºÊºÞ¾÷ºc¤Î°ê·|µ¥¡^ªnº|·Án¡A´¦µo¦H¦æ¡Aªý¼¸¦³Ãö¦æ¬°¡A¥H¨¾°ÝÃDÅÜ¥»¥[¼F¡C
¦b¬ü°ê¡A¬°¤F¤½²³§Q¯q¦Óªn±K´¦µo¦H¦æ¡A³ÌµÛ¦Wªº¨Ò¤l¡A²ö¹L©ó¡m¤¨¤¤j·H¤å¥ó¡n®×¡C
¬ü°êªº¡m¤¨¤¤j·H¤å¥ó¡n®×
1967¦~¡A¬ü°ê°ê¨¾³¡²Õ´¤F¤@¸s±M®a¾ÇªÌ¡A¯µ±K½s¼g¦³Ãö¬ü°ê±²¤J¶V¾Ôªº¨ÓÀs¥h¯ß¡A¥H¨Ñ°õ¬F¡B¨Mµ¦ªÌ¡A¦b¥¼¨Ó¦³»ÝnÀË°Q®É¥i¥H®³¨Ó°Ñ¦Ò¡CDaniel Ellsberg¬O·í®É¨ä¤¤¤@¦ì°Ñ»PªÌ¡A¹Lµ{¤¤¥Lµo²{¡A¬ü°ê¬F©²¨ä¹ê¬O¦]¨Mµ¦¿ù»~¡A¤~·|¼Z¤J¶V¾Ôªºªdªh¡A§ó¬Æªº¬O¡A¬°¤F±»¹¢³o¨Ç¥¢»~¡A¬F©²¦V°ê¥Á»¡¤F¤j¶qÁÀ¸Ü¡C¦b¹Á¸Õ¹L¨ä¥L¤èªkµL®Ä«á¡A¬°¤F¨î¤îÁÀ¨¥¤Î¦¤éµ²§ô¶V¾Ô¡A¥L¹E§â¦³Ãö¤å¥ó¡]«á¨Ó³Q¬ü°ê¤HºÙ¤§¬°¡m¤¨¤¤j·H¤å¥ó¡n¡Apentagon papers¡^¡A¥æµ¹°OªÌ¡A´Á±æÅý¦³Ãö¸ê®ÆÃn¥ú«á¥i¥H³ê¿ô¤½²³¡AÄ~¦Ó¦V¬F©²¬IÀ£¡Aµ²§ô³o³õ¿ù»~ªº¾Ôª§¡C
1971¦~6¤ë¡A¡m¯Ã¬ù®É³ø¡n¤Î¡mµØ²±¹y¶l³ø¡n¥ý«áÂà¸ü¤F³o¨Ç¤å¥ó¡A¥ß®É¤Þ°_¥§§J»¹¬F©²®£·W¡A¹E¥ß§Y´N¦¹¥Ó½Ð¸T¨î¥O¡A©x¥q³Ì«á¾x¤W³Ì°ªªk°|¡C³Ì°ªªk°|¦b6¤ë30¤é§P¨M¡A¥H6¤ñ3«Å§P¬F©²±Ñ¶D¡A¨ÃºM¾P¤F¸T¨î¥O¡C³o«K¬O¬ü°ê¾ú¥v¤W¦³¦WªºNew York Times Co. v. United States®×¥ó¡C
³Ì°ªªk°|»{¬°¥ô¦óÃþ¦ü§Î¦¡ªº¸T¨î¡A³£¦³¹H¤Ï¾Ëªk½á¤©¤§·s»D¦Û¥Ñªº¶ûºÃ¡A¦]¦¹¶·¯S§OÂÔ·V¡A¥²¶·¥Ñ¬F©²t°_Ác«ªºÁ|ÃÒ³d¥ô¡A´£¨Ñ±j¦Ó¦³¤OªºÃÒ¾Ú¨ÓÃÒ©ú¸T¨î¤§¥²n¡C¦ý¦b¤µ¦¸®×¥ó¤¤¡A¬F©²©úÅã¹F¤£¨ì³oÓÄY®æn¨D¡A¥¦¤£¯àÃÒ©ú¦³Ãö³ø¹D¬°°ê®a¦w¥þ±a¨Ó¡u¤@Ó²M´·¤Î¢¦b¬Ü·ûªº¦MÀI¡v¡]a clear and present danger¡^¡C
³Ì°ªªk°|ªk©xPotter Stewart¦b¨äÓ¤H§PÃ㤤§ó«ü¥X¡A°ÝÃD¬O§_¥X©ó¬F©²·~¤w²ßºD§â¤Ó¦h¨Æ±¡¤]¦C¬°¾÷±K¡S·í¬F©²º¥º¥§âű¦³¾÷±K¦r¼Ëªº¹Ï³¹¡AºD©Ê»\¦b©Ò¦³¤å¥ó¤W®É¡A³oÃø¹D¤£¬O¯îÂÕªº¶Ü¡S¯S§O¬O·í¬F©²©xû¥]¬AÁ`²Î¦Û¤v¡A±`±`¿ï¾Ü©Ê¦a¦V¥~¬ÉªnÅS³o¨Ç©Ò¿×¾÷±K¸ê®Æ¡A¥H¬°¦Û¤v³Õ¨ú¬Fªv¤À¼Æ®É¡A³o¤£¬O¶i¤@¨BÅã¥Ü¨î«×ªº¯îÂնܡS¥t¤@¦ìªk©xByron White¥ç«ù¬Û¦P·N¨£¡A§ó»¡¤F¤@¥yµÛ¦W»¡¸Ü¡G¡u·í©Ò¦³¨Æ±¡³£¬O¾÷±Kªº®ÉÔ¡A¨º»ò´N¦A¨S¦³¤°»ò¨Æ±¡¯uªº¬O¾÷±K¤F¡C¡v
ªk©xDouglas¥ç«ü¥X¡G¡u¬F©²ªº©Ò¿×¾÷±K¡A©¹©¹³£¬O¤Ï¥Á¥Dªº¡A¥u¬O¥Î¨Ó«ùÄò©x¹±ªº¿ù»~¡C¦]¦¹¤½¶}ªº°Q½×¹ï°ê®aªº°·±dµo®i¬O¥²¶·ªº¡C¡v
®É¶¡ÃÒ©ú¡A¡m¤¨¤¤j·H¤å¥ó¡n¤½¶}¡A¹ï°ê®a¦w¥þªº¦M®`¥i»¡¬O·L¥G¨ä·L¡C18¦~«á¡A¥§§J»¹¬F©²ªºº®uÀ˹î©x²×©ó¤]¨}¤ßµo²{¡AªÖ©Ó»{·í®É¥L̬O¹L¼{¤F¡A¥L¬Æ¦Ü»¡¡A«Ü¦h®É§â¸ê®Æ¦C¤J¾÷±K½d³òªº©xû¡A³q±`¤£¬O¯uªº¬°¤F°ê®a¦w¥þªº¦Ò¼{¡A¦Ó¬O¬°¤FÁקK¬F©²³¡ªùªºÀª§¼©MÃø³ô¡C
´N¦b¥§§J»¹°õ¬F´Á¶¡¡A¬ü°ê¦P®Éµo¥Í¤F¡u¤ôªùÁà»D¡v¡A·í®É¡mµØ²±¹y¶l³ø¡n°OªÌ¦b¬F©²¤º³¡¤@¦ì¡u½u¤H¡v¨Ñ®Æªº±¡况¤U¡A®i¶}¤F²`¤Jªº½Õ¬d³ø¹D¡A³Ì²×´¦µo¤F¤ôªùÁà»D¡A¥§§J»¹¦]¦Ó¤U¥x¡A¥Lªº¹õ¹±ªøH. Haldeman¤ÎÁ`²ÎÅU°ÝJ. Ehrlichman¬Æ¦Ü¦]¦¹³Q§PºÊ¡C¡mµØ²±¹y¶l³ø¡nªººÞ²z¼hµ¹ªn±KªÌ¤@Ó¥N¸¹¡u²`³ï¡v¡]Deep Throat¡^¡C¡u²`³ï¡vªº¯u¥¿¨¤À¤@ª½¿Ð²ö¦p²`¡A¬O¬ü°ê¬F°é©M·s»D¬Éªº¤@ӳ̤jÁ¼¹Î¡A30¦h¦~«á¡A¨â¦ì°OªÌ²×©óÃÒ¹ê¡A¡u²`³ï¡vªº¯u¥¿¨¤À´N¬OÁp¨¹½Õ¬d§½«e°Æ§½ªøW. Felt¡C
¡mInsider¡n
¦³Ãöwhistle blowingªº¨Ò¤l¡A¬Æ¦Ü¤W¹L¤j»È¹õ¡A³o¬O1997¦~¤W¬M¹Lªº¤@®M¹q¼v¡mInsider¡n¡C¼v¤ù¥Ñ¨â¤j¥¨¬Pªüº¸¬f¥P¥£¡]Al Pacino¡^©Mù¯À°ªº¸¡]Russell Crowe¡^¥Dºt¡A¬G¨Æ®Ú¾Ú¬ü°ê¤ýµP·s»D¸`¥Ø¡m¤»¤Q¤ÀÄÁ®É¨ÆÂø»x¡nªº¤@Ó¯u¹êÓ®×Äá»s¡A¥D¨¤¯u¦³¨ä¤H¡C
¡m¤»¤Q¤ÀÄÁ¡nªº¤ýµP»s§@¤HLowell Bergman¡]ªüº¸¬f¥P¥£¹¢¡^¦¬¨ì¤@ӰΦW¥]»q¡A·í¤¤¦³着¦³Ãö·Ï¯ó¤½¥q¨ä¹êª¾±x»·Ï¹ï¤HÅ馳®`ªº¤å¥ó¡A¹E§Æ±æJeffrey Wigand¡]ù¯À°ªº¸¹¢¡^³o¦ì·Ï¯ó¤½¥qªº«e¹µûÀ°§U¥LåªR¸Ó¤å¥ó¡A¦ýWigand«o¨ü¨ì·Ï¯ó¤½¥q¥ÌÃã«p¹ô´å»¡¥H¤Î¦Ê¯ëªý¼¸¡A¨Ã´£¿ô©M«Â¯Ù¥L»P¤½¥qñ¸pªº«O±K¨ó©w¡A¤£¯à¤½¶}¥ô¦ó¦³Ãö»·Ïªº¬ã¨s¡C¤@¤è±¡AWigand¤£·Q¥¢¥hÂåÀø«OÀIµ¥¹ï®a¤H¥Í¬¡ªº«O»Ù¡A¦ý¥t¤@¤è±¡A«o¤S¨ü¨}¤ßÄþ³d¡A³´¤J¤F¤@¤ù¯íµM¥¢±¹¤§¤¤¡Cµ²ªG¡A¥L¿ï¾Ü¤F¦V¨}¤ß¥æ¥N¡A§Y¨Ï¹H¤Ï¤F¦³Ãö«O±K¨óij¡A¥ç¦V¥~¬Éå¥Õ¤@¤Á¡A¨Ã¥X®x«üÃҸӷϯ󤽥q¡C¦ý«áªÌ°Z¬Oµ½Ãþ¡A¹ï¦³Ãö¸`¥Øªº¼½©ñ¥Ó½Ð¤F¸T¨î¥O¡A¥ç¹ï¥L®i¶}¤@³õ©Ù¶Â§ð¶Õ¡CWigandªº©d¤k©Ó¨ü¤£¤F¥¨¤jªºÀ£¤O¦ÓÂ÷®a¥X¨«¡A¥u³Ñ¤U¥L¤@¤H©t¨¾Ä¾Ô¡A¦ý¦b¤ßÆF²`³Bªº¥¿¸q©Ò¤ä«ù¤U¡A¥L¤@ª½¨S¦³°hÁY¡C
´X¸gªi§é¡A¨¬¥»ªº³X°Ýµ²ªG³Ì«áª§¨ú¨ì¦b¡m¤»¤Q¤ÀÄÁ¡n¸`¥Ø¤¤¼½¥X¡AÁöµM¨â¦ì¥D¨¤³£n¬°¦¹¥I¥X¨I«¥N»ù¡C·Ï¯ó¤½¥q³Ì²×¨ü¨ìªk«ß¨îµô¡A¶·¬°§l·Ï¨ü®`ªÌ¥I¥X¼Æ¥H¤d»õ¬ü¤¸pªº½ßÀv¡CWigand¦b¬ü°ê¥ç¦¨¤F¡uwhistle blowing¡vªº¸g¨å¥Nªí¤Hª«¡A¥çÅã¥Ü¤½²³§Q¯q©Mª¾±¡Åv¡A¹ê¦bÀ³â¾r©M¶W¶V¯U¹iªº¾÷ºc¤º³¡«O±K»Ýn¡C
^°êºÖ§JÄõ¾Ôª§ªº®×¨Ò
¦b^°ê¡A¥çµo¥Í¹L¤@©v¤Q¤ÀÅF°Êªºwhistle blowing®×¥ó¡A¨º´N¬O1985¦~ªº©Ò¿×Belgrano affair¡C·í¦~¥ô¾°ê¨¾³¡ªºClive Ponting¡A¦]¬°ª¾¹D°ê¨¾³¡ªø¥¿·Ç³Æ¹ï°ê·|¼»ÁÀ¡A¦]¦¹¬G·NªnÅS¤F¤@¥÷¦³Ãö^x¦bºÖ§JÄõ¾Ôª§´Á¶¡µL²zÀ»¨Iªü®Ú§ÊxÄ¥Belgrano¸¹ªº¾÷±KÀÉ¡Aµ¹¤©¤@¦W¦b³¥¤uÄÒªº°ê·|ijû¡C«á¨ÓªFµ¡¨Æµo¡APonting³Q«O¦uÄÒ¬F©²¤Þ¥Î¡m©x¤è«O±Kªk¡nÀ˱±¡A¦ýµ²ªGªn±KªÌPonting³Q³¼f¹Îµô©wµL¸o¡C¦b«¤j¨Æ±¡¤W¡A¤½²³§Q¯q©M¤½²³ªºª¾±¡Åv¡AÀ³¸Óâ¾r©ó¤@¨Ç¯U¹iªºªk³W¤§¤W¡A¦Ó»ø¤Æ¦a°í«ù©Ò¿×û¤uÀ³¸Ó¿í¦u¾÷ºc³W©w¡A¥u·|±a¨Ó¹D¼w¯uªÅ¡A¨Ã±N¥LÌ¡u¬FªvìI³Î¡v¦Ó¤w¡C
«ez¬ü¡B^®×¥óªº¦@¦P±Ð°V¬O¡A®É¶¡©¹©¹ÃÒ©ú·í®É¬F©²¬O¹L¼{¡A¦³Ãö´¦±K©M³ø¹D¡A¹ï°ê®a¦w¥þ¼vÅT·L¥G¨ä·L¡A°ê®a¾÷±K©¹©¹¥u¬O©xûªº¾BÁ६¡A±»¹¢¨ä¨Mµ¦¤Î¦æ¬°¥¢·í¡A¬Æ¦Ü³g¦Ã»R¹ú¡C¦pªG¨S¦³¤@¨Ç¤jµL¬Èªºû¤u¡A°ò©ó¤½²³§Q¯q¦Ó´¦µo¦H¦æ¡A³o¨Ç¤º¹õ±N¥Ã»·µLªkÃn¥ú¡AªÀ·|±N¤í¯Ê°·±dªº°Q½×¡A¦H¦æ¨ì¤µ¤Ñ¤´¤j¦³¥i¯àÄ~ÄòÁÙ¬O¿n²ß¡C
¦]¦¹¡A½ß¤W¤F°ªÁ~«p¾¡AÄ묹¤F¬ü¦nªº·R±¡¡A©Ó¨ü¥¨¤jÀ£¤O¡A¤´µM¨M©w´¦µo¬ü°ê¬F©²¦H¦æªºEdward Snowden¡A¨ä«i®ð©M¨M¤ß¡AµLºÃȱo¤j®a´L·q¡C
½²¤l±j
¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç¬Fªv»P¦æ¬F¾Ç¨t°ª¯ÅÁ¿®v
http://news.sina.com.hk/news/20130613/-6-2991846/1.html