Advance technique for writing (using outside source)
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Paraphrase (Write it in Your Own Words)
Paraphrasing means rewriting a passage into your own words and sentence structure. A paraphrase should accurately reflect all the main and supporting ideas of the original author and it should not include your own opinions or slant on what the original author wrote. Occasionally it is impossible to find a better word than the one the author has used to express a meaning. If you come across this situation, by all means, quote the words you need to use within the paraphrase itself. Remember that a paraphrase should not include your own comments or critique of what the author has said and that a paraphrase must be cited as it is not your own idea. It is a rewording of the author's original ideas and as such needs to be documented.
Paraphrasing can be very useful when you need to reword a technical passage into language your reader will understand or when you need to ensure that your style of writing will not be "interrupted" by just quoting a passage verbatim into your writing. If you find yourself paraphrasing long passages, you need to ask yourself whether the passage could be summarised instead.
The following steps can be used when paraphrasing:
Read the passage and make sure you understand it.
Think clearly about why you want to incorporate the passage into your own writing.
Take notes of key words from the passage (e.g., content words such as nouns and verbs).
As you are taking notes, substitute the author's words with your own. Put quotation marks around any word you note down verbatim.
As you are taking notes, do not pay too much regard for any particular order of presentation. If you do use linear notes from the original source you might just imitate the author's same ordering of information.
Allow for a little time to go by and put aside the original text.
Consulting only your word notes, paraphrase the passage verbally to yourself, making sure you retain what the author was trying to express.
Write down the paraphrase as many times as you need to, and check your paraphrase over for grammatical accuracy.
Return to the text to see if you have accurately conveyed in your own words the main and supporting ideas that the author has expressed. Rewrite using the same steps if not.
Make final adjustments (e.g., adding transitional words) to the paraphrase so that it can fit in with the rest of your text.
Always document the source of the paraphrase.
來源:
http://elc.polyu.edu.hk/elsc/material/Writing/using.htm#Paraphrase
